End-Use Energy Efficiency Improvements and SO2 Emissions in Indonesia: An Input-Out Analysis

Abstract

This paper analyses the production of SO₂ by the Indonesian in 1990 and 2000 using an input-output (I-O) model. It also assesses the implications of residential sector energy efficiency (EE) improvement programs for SO₂ production by the Indonesian economy in 2000 under both high and low growth scenarios. The study shows that the SO₂ emissions from Indonesia would increase from 740 million kg in 1990 to 1.614 billion kg in 2000 under the high growth scenario and to 1.166 billion kg under the low growth scenario by 25 million kg under the high growth scenario and by 22 million kg under the low growth scenario. Of the total SO₂ produced in 1990 and 2000, more than 60% are associated with the indirect production demand for fuel.