Driving Towards Sustainability: Unveiling the Complexities of Electric Vehicle Range Optimization Across Diverse Terrain and Weather Conditions

Rachna Rachna, Amit Kumar Singh

Abstract


Electric vehicles (EVs) are a promising solution for reducing fossil fuel dependency and mitigating environmental concerns. However, their range is significantly influenced by weather conditions, temperature variations, and pavement types. This study uses empirical data analysis with the Tata Nexon EV to examine these external factors. Our findings indicate that EVs achieve optimal range on flat, smooth roads during high summer temperatures. In contrast, rough, uneven, wet, and hilly terrains lead to increased battery consumption and reduced range. Extreme conditions, such as driving on hilly roads during cold and rainy seasons, further exacerbate range limitations. These results provide critical insights for policymakers, engineers, and urban planners, emphasizing the need for EV-friendly infrastructure, such as smoother roads and strategically placed charging stations. Additionally, the study offers valuable guidance for improving EV design and performance, ultimately contributing to more sustainable and efficient transportation solutions.

Keywords


Electric Vehicle (EV); Range anxiety; Range extension; Road conditions; Temperature

Full Text:

PDF

References


M. Mądziel and T. Campisi, “Energy Consumption of Electric Vehicles: Analysis of Selected Parameters Based on Created Database,” Energies, vol. 16, no. 3, 2023, doi: 10.3390/en16031437.

A. Skuza and R. S. Jurecki, “Analysis of factors affecting the energy consumption of an EV vehicle - a literature study,” IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 1247, no. 1, p. 012001, 2022, doi: 10.1088/1757-899x/1247/1/012001.

W. Chu, M. Im, M. R. Song, and J. Park, “Psychological and behavioral factors affecting electric vehicle adoption and satisfaction: A comparative study of early adopters in China and Korea,” Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ., vol. 76, pp. 1–18, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2019.09.009.

A. Ghosh and S. Chatterjee, “An overview on various sources of vibration in electric vehicle and their identification techniques,” J. Brazilian Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng., vol. 3, 2023, doi: 10.1007/s40430-023-04318-3.

I. E. A. International and E. Agency, "Transitioning India's Road Transport Sector", accessed June 2023.

U. Chawla, R. Mohnot, V. Mishra, and H. V. Singh, “Factors Influencing Customer Preference and Adoption of Electric Vehicles in India : A Journey towards More Sustainable Transportation,” 2023.

M. Coffman, P. Bernstein, and S. Wee, “Electric vehicles revisited : a review of factors that affect adoption,” vol. 1647, no. August, 2016, doi: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1217282.

S. Shepherd, P. Bonsall, and G. Harrison, “Factors affecting future demand for electric vehicles : A model based study,” Transp. Policy, vol. 20, no. 2012, pp. 62–74, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2011.12.006.

S. Verma, G. Dwivedi, and P. Verma, “Materials Today : Proceedings Life cycle assessment of electric vehicles in comparison to combustion engine vehicles : A review,” Mater. Today Proc., no. xxxx, pp. 1–6, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.666.

Lead Sponsors, “ANNUAL INDIA REPORT”,FY 2022, accessed July 2023.

V. K. Ramachandaramurthy, S. Member, J. I. A. Y. Yong, and R. Vinoth, “Social Acceptance and Preference of EV Users — A Review,” IEEE Access, vol. 11, no. February, pp. 11956–11972, 2023, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3241636.

H. Yu, F. Tseng, and R. Mcgee, “Driving Pattern Identification for EV Range Estimation,” 2012 IEEE Int. Electr. Veh. Conf., pp. 1–7, doi: 10.1109/IEVC.2012.6183207.

D. Xia et al., “EV Charging Guidance Strategy Considering Dynamic Road Network and Personalized Driving Conditions,” Proc. 2019 IEEE 3rd Int. Electr. Energy Conf. CIEEC 2019, pp. 1454–1459, 2019, doi: 10.1109/CIEEC47146.2019.CIEEC-2019530.

I. Miri, “Electric vehicle energy consumption modelling and estimation — A case study,” no. June, pp. 1–20, 2020, doi: 10.1002/er.5700.

C. Abeygunawardhana, R. M. K. Sandamal, and H. R. Pasindu, “Identification of the Impact on Road Roughness on Speed Patterns for Different Roadway Segments,” MERCon 2020 - 6th Int. Multidiscip. Moratuwa Eng. Res. Conf. Proc., pp. 425–430, 2020, doi: 10.1109/MERCon50084.2020.9185387.

E. M. Szumska and R. S. Jurecki, “Parameters Influencing on Electric Vehicle Range,” 2021.

I. Miri, A. Fotouhi, and N. Ewin, “Electric vehicle energy consumption modelling and estimation—A case study,” Int. J. Energy Res., vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 501–520, 2021, doi: 10.1002/er.5700.

P. Mei, H. R. Karimi, C. Huang, F. Chen, and S. Yang, “Remaining driving range prediction for electric vehicles : Key challenges and outlook,” no. March, pp. 1–19, 2023, doi: 10.1049/cth2.12486.

J. Taggart and A. T. Development, “Ambient Temperature Impacts on Real-World Electric Vehicle Efficiency & Range,” pp. 186–190, 2017.

S. Ma, M. Jiang, P. Tao, C. Song, J. Wu, and J. Wang, “Progress in Natural Science : Materials International Temperature e ff ect and thermal impact in lithium-ion batteries : A review,” vol. 28, no. October, pp. 653–666, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2018.11.002.

Y. Motoaki, W. Yi, and S. Salisbury, “Empirical analysis of electric vehicle fast charging under cold temperatures,” Energy Policy, vol. 122, no. April, pp. 162–168, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2018.07.036.

T. Yuksel and J. J. Michalek, “Effects of regional temperature on electric vehicle efficiency, range, and emissions in the united states,” Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 3974–3980, 2015, doi: 10.1021/es505621s.

Y. Al-Wreikat, C. Serrano, and J. R. Sodré, “Effects of ambient temperature and trip characteristics on the energy consumption of an electric vehicle,” Energy, vol. 238, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.122028.

J. Dong, J. Bauman, and S. Member, “Maximizing Driving Range for Fuel Cell Range Extender Vehicles With Fixed Energy Storage Costs,” IEEE Trans. Transp. Electrif., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1042–1059, 2023, doi: 10.1109/TTE.2022.3200030.

R. Karlsson and O. Eriksson, “Road surface influence on rolling resistance Coastdown measurements for a car and an HGV,” 2011.

A. Ukaew, “Model Based System System Design Design for for Electric Electric Vehicle Vehicle Conversion,” pp. 3–20, doi: 10.5772/intechopen.77265.

A. Setyawan and I. Kusdiantoro, “The effect of pavement condition on vehicle speeds and motor vehicles emissions,” Procedia Eng., vol. 125, pp. 424–430, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.11.111.

C. Pan, W. Dai, L. Chen, L. Chen, and L. Wang, “Driving range estimation for electric vehicles based on driving condition identification and forecast,” AIP Adv., vol. 7, no. 10, 2017, doi: 10.1063/1.4993945.